Chapter 3: Ancient Indian Civilization



Terms,People,Places:




Focus Question: How might religious beliefs shape a society?

Religion is a very central part of just about every society across the world. There are literally thousands of different religions and many of those are confined to a little area with no more than a small amount of supporters. Religious beliefs definintly play a role in how a society is shaped.
Religion can have strong impacts on family life including stability, enduring marriages, and positive relationships between parents and children. Religion can also provide prevention and support in community settings offering outreach efforts and health groups and clinics on a variety of different issues. Religious groups offer positive community development that helps enhance neighborhoods. Religion on many levels can have a very positive effect in society. In ancient indian civilizations they had many relgion belief groups such as hinduism and buddhist. Hinduism is the third largest religous belief group worldwide with 900 million followers or approximately 14 percent of the world's population. Although they have no sacred writings, their body of literature consists of the four Vedas, a word meaning knowledge in the Sanskrit language. Although Hindu beliefs and practices are rather diverse they all follow two principles. Dharma, a moral force that presents everyone with responsibilities and karma, a belief in the spiritual progression of the soul. Their actions are ruled by these beliefs. Something like 6 percent of humanity is Buddhist. Buddhism was founded in northeastern India and based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who is known as the Buddha, or Enlightened One. Buddhism is split into two branches known as Theravada, the Way of the Elders, and Mahayana, the Great Vehicle. Like Hinduism, they believe that each action as spiritual costs. Another common belief is reincarnation; that peace can only be found through cycles of death and birth. Buddhists believe in the Four Noble Truths. The first of these Truths is that life is suffering. Because of this belief many Buddhist monks take a vow of poverty. Many live in social groups known as Monasteries, which are extremely isolated.
A person's social environment depends greatly on their religion. Hindus and Buddhists act on the belief that their actions will greatly effect their next cycle of life, or next reincarnation Religious beliefs are one of the major influences on society and shape it quite well.